Internet Verse Search Commentaries Word Analysis ITL - draft

Galatians 1:3

NETBible	Grace and peace to you¹ from God the Father and our² Lord Jesus Christ,
NIV © biblegateway Gal 1:3	Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ,
NASB © biblegateway Gal 1:3	Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ,
NLT © biblegateway Gal 1:3	May grace and peace be yours from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ.
MSG © biblegateway Gal 1:3	So I greet you with the great words, grace and peace!
BBE © SABDAweb Gal 1:3	Grace to you and peace from God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ,
NRSV © bibleoremus Gal 1:3	Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ,
NKJV © biblegateway Gal 1:3	Grace to you and peace from God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ,
[+] More English


KJV	Grace <5485> [be] to you <5213> and <2532> peace <1515> from <575> God <2316> the Father <3962>_, and <2532> [from] our <2257> Lord <2962> Jesus <2424> Christ <5547>_,
NASB © biblegateway Gal 1:3	Grace <5485> to you and peace <1515> from God <2316> our Father <3962> and the Lord <2962> Jesus <2424> Christ <5547> ,
NET [draft] ITL	Grace <5485> and <2532> peace <1515> to you <5213> from <575> God <2316> the Father <3962> and <2532> our <2257> Lord <2962> Jesus <2424> Christ <5547> ,
GREEK	cariv <5485> N-NSF umin <5213> P-2DP kai <2532> CONJ eirhnh <1515> N-NSF apo <575> PREP yeou <2316> N-GSM patrov <3962> N-GSM hmwn <2257> P-1GP kai <2532> CONJ kuriou <2962> N-GSM ihsou <2424> N-GSM cristou <5547> N-GSM

NETBible

Grace and peace to you¹ from God the Father and our² Lord Jesus Christ,

NET Notes

¹tn Grk “Grace to you and peace.”

²tc ‡ The unusual order καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν (kai kuriou Jhmwn), which produces the reading “our Lord Jesus Christ” instead of “God our Father,” is read by Ì^46,51vid B D F G H 1739 1881 Ï sy sa, while the more normal ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου (Jhmwn kai kuriou) is found in א A P Ψ 33 81 326 365 2464 pc. Thus, the reading adopted in the translation is more widespread geographically and is found in the two earliest witnesses, along with several good representatives of the Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine texttypes. Internally, there would be a strong motivation for scribes to change the order: “from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ” is Paul’s normal greeting; here alone is the pronoun attached to “Jesus Christ” (except in the pastorals, though the greeting in these letters is nevertheless unlike the rest of the corpus Paulinum). Intrinsically, the chosen reading is superior as well: Scribes would be prone to emulate Paul’s regular style, while in an early letter such as this one his regular style was yet to be established (for a similar situation, cf. the text-critical discussion at 1 Thess 1:1). Hence, there is a strong probability that the reading in the translation is authentic. Although B. M. Metzger argues that “the apostle’s stereotyped formula was altered by copyists who, apparently in the interest of Christian piety, transferred the possessive pronoun so it would be more closely associated with ‘Lord Jesus Christ’” (TCGNT 520), one might expect to see the same alterations in other Pauline letters. That this is not the case argues for “our Lord Jesus Christ” as the authentic reading here.